Pillory

It's a set of stocks with three holes, one at the centre for the neck, and small holes on the sides for the wrists. These stocks are fixed at the highest point of a central post (or posts to both sides), forcing the occupant to stand with his head and hands thus constrained.  As the stocks, the higher stock can be hinged or sliding.

Yoke

The yoke consists of a single set of stocks for the neck and wrists. It is a portable pillory, in which stocks are not attached to a post. Its weight is supported by the occupant's shoulders. Unlike its close relative, the cangue, yokes were not normally used as punishment. Their main function was to disable prisoners and slaves (especially during travel), as the yoke effectively forced the occupant while leaving  his legs free .

Shrew's fiddle

 It's a variant of the yoke, which is used to punish quarrelsome women. This particular kind of pillory, destined for an individual woman, resembled a violin, hence the name. The double version was used to punish women who quarelled with each other. Thus restrained, they were forced to face each other until the dispute was resolved and they were suitably penitent, which could take some time.

	schandgeige, halsgeige, fiedel, strafgeige
	violin (violón) de las comadres
	shrew's fiddle
	violino della bisbetica
	spanske fidel, halsfiolin
	позорный скрипка

Cangue

It was a kind of pillory used in China for minor offences, also known as tcha or kea, composed of a thick wooden board with a hole in the middle for the neck. The board was so large that  those who wore it couldn't reach the mouth with their hands. The victim was forced to bring it for a period that could reach thirty days without interruption.

Sometimes the cangue could be inserted in a bamboo cage in which the floor was removed leaving the victim  suspended by neck.

	枷  (jiā)
	cangue
	canga
	canga

Wooden ruff

 A punishment used in Germany for women who dressed "immodestly".

	holzkragen
	wooden ruff
	collare di legno

Pranger

It consisted in a column of stone placed at the centre of the city, where the victim was secured by iron's collar and stocks for wrists and / or ankles, connected by chains that often were so short that the occupant was forced in a semi-kneeling position.

	pranýř
	pranger
	stone pillory
	pellengér
	pranger
	halsklave
	pręgierz
	pelourinho
	sramotilni steber

Whipping post

Sometimes the whipping post was added to the pillory, or stocks and pillory could be used to immobilize a victim while being whipped.

	whipping post
	palo della fustigazione
	stang cherree

Water bath

The water bath  consisted of stocks in which the prisoner was secured in a sitting position. The head was locked in a small barrel,  with hinges on one side to allow the closure. Above the small barrel there was a bigger one that was filled with icy water. The spout at the bottom had a spring-loaded control valve  attached to a rope which allowed the officer administering the punishment to control the amount of water poured down upon the prisoner's head. The prisoners would have been submerged for few seconds before the water ran through around their necks and outside the cracks of the smaller barrel.

Barrel pillory

This punishment was reserved for drunks who were forced to travel around the country carrying a barrel, whithout the bottom and the top cover, below.

Although the Barrel pillory, also known as "Drunkard's Cloak"  or "The Spanish Mantle"  was by no means universal, it is clear that it was used sporadically in some European countries, although not necessarily for drunkards.

	strafmantel, schandmantel
	spanske kappe
	picota en tonel
	barrel pillory
	mantello degli ubriaconi
	spansk kappe, skamkappe

Shame flute

Iron instrument (also of brass and wood) in the shape of  trumpet, trombone, flute, oboe, probably of Dutch origin, known in the seventh century.

This was used for shaming bad musicians. The neck of the musician was forced through the upper round hole and the fingers were placed under the iron, which shows the many finger holes. This gave the impression that the musician was playing the flute.

In Italy it was also used to punish who disturbed the Church's celebrations and, in particular in the Republic of Venice, who abused of  anonymous denunciation for envy and malice.

	schandflöte
	flauta del alborotador
	flûte honteuse
	shame flute
	flauto della vergogna   piffero del baccanaro